Scoliosis is a spinal condition that affects approximately 2-3% of the U.S. population1. It is characterized by an abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine, and researchers are actively investigating its various causes.
Symptoms of scoliosis may include:
- Uneven shoulders
- Asymmetrical hip heights
- Back pain
- Unequal shoulder blade height
- Improper lung expansion (in severe conditions)
In many cases of scoliosis, spinal curvature is mild and does not require treatment. However, treatment may be recommended for severe cases or conditions that risk progressing.
The article below covers scoliosis treatment options, including non-surgical and surgical scoliosis treatment.
Types of Scoliosis
There are several types of scoliosis, and the type can influence treatment options. The main types of scoliosis include:
- Idiopathic scoliosis: Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis, and while its exact cause is unknown, genetics may play a role. This type typically develops during childhood or adolescence.
- Degenerative scoliosis: This condition usually occurs later in life due to degeneration of the joints in the spine. It is also referred to as adult scoliosis.
- Neuromuscular scoliosis: This type of scoliosis may develop due to a neuromuscular condition such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.
- Congenital scoliosis: Congenital scoliosis develops during pregnancy and presents itself in infancy. It occurs due to malformations in the vertebrae.
Scoliosis Treatments
Scoliosis treatment aims to correct or prevent the worsening of spinal curvature and alleviate symptoms.
Certain types of scoliosis may require surgery. These can include congenital scoliosis, caused by vertebral malformations present from birth, and degenerative scoliosis, which results from conditions such as spinal arthritis.
Individuals with idiopathic scoliosis may receive treatment with either a non-invasive modality, such as the use of a brace or physical therapy, or surgery.
When determining what type of treatment is best for your situation, it is helpful to consider the following factors:
- The severity of spinal curvature
- The patient’s age
- Underlying health conditions
- Lifestyle
- Symptoms present
After diagnosing scoliosis, a healthcare provider will review treatment options if necessary and help determine which treatment method may be most beneficial.
Non-surgical Treatments for Scoliosis
If the curvature is not severe, non-surgical treatments for scoliosis may be recommended. These therapies may include those listed below.
Scoliosis Brace
A scoliosis brace may be recommended if a child is still growing and has moderate scoliosis. Typically, braces are recommended for spines with curvatures measuring 25° to 40° on an X-ray. 1 Although they will not cure the condition completely, they may prevent it from getting worse.
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There are several types of scoliosis braces, including plastic braces contoured to fit the body. These braces fit under the arms and around the rib cage, hips, and lower back.
The effectiveness of the brace usually increases with the number of hours it's worn. Although every person’s brace time may vary, many braces are worn between 13 and 16 hours daily2. Children who wear a scoliosis brace can usually participate in most activities. Brace use is typically discontinued once growth stops.
Stretching
Stretching will not correct the curvature of the spine. However, it may help prevent it from progressing and, in mild cases, the need for surgery. It may also help maintain mobility and range of motion.
Speak to a healthcare provider to determine the best stretches for your situation.
Physical Therapy
As reported by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons3, some low-quality research indicates that physical therapy may help an individual appear straighter and improve their breathing. However, additional research is needed to confirm the benefits.
Regardless, physical therapy is still regularly used to help treat and manage pain associated with moderate to severe scoliosis.
Scoliosis Surgery
Usually, surgery is only recommended in cases of severe scoliosis to correct the spinal deformity. For example, surgery may be a good option if the spinal curvature is so severe that it affects lung expansion or causes chronic pain.
Surgery may have several benefits, such as maximizing the motion of the spine and chest, minimizing secondary complications such as breathing problems, and decreasing pain.
According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons4, experts agree that children with severe scoliosis, defined as a 45° to 50° curvature or more, will need surgery to prevent curvature progression and lessen the curve.
The type of surgery recommended may vary depending on the severity of the curvature, the location of the curvature, and the age of the child or adolescent.
Scoliosis surgical options include the following:
Spinal Fusion
Spinal fusion for scoliosis involves connecting two or more vertebrae to straighten the spine, allowing the fused vertebrae to heal into a single solid bone. The surgery involves attaching metal implants to the spine and connecting them to one or two rods. This helps hold the spine in the correct position to correct the curvature and prevent it from worsening.
A spinal fusion surgery may take a few hours to complete and require a few days in the hospital.
Expanding Rod Surgery
Expanding Rod Surgery may be recommended in cases where scoliosis progresses quickly at a very young age. The surgery involves attaching one or two expandable rods alongside the spine that can be adjusted as the child grows.
The rods are extended every six months through either surgery or a remote-controlled medical device. This type of surgery will prevent the curvature from becoming worse as the child grows.
Vertebral Body Tethering
Although not as common as other surgery options, this procedure can be performed through small incisions, making it minimally invasive. The procedure involves placing screws along the outside edge of the curve along with a flexible cord. The cord can be tightened to help straighten the spine.
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FAQ
If you or your child is diagnosed with scoliosis, it is expected to have some questions.
How is scoliosis diagnosed?
Scoliosis is diagnosed after a physical exam. A healthcare professional may also order imaging tests, such as magnetic renaissance Imaging or a CT scan, to determine the degree of the curvature.
Does scoliosis get worse with time?
In cases of mild scoliosis, the condition may not progress over time. However, if left untreated, some cases can become worse. For example, normal growth spurts, everyday activities, and gravity may contribute to curvature progression. Certain types of scoliosis, such as degenerative scoliosis, may also progress due to age-related spinal changes.
When is scoliosis treatment needed?
Scoliosis treatment is typically needed in severe cases and when secondary complications are present, such as ongoing pain, decreased mobility, or breathing difficulties due to compromised lung expansion. Healthcare professionals usually classify scoliosis according to the degree of curvature. If the curvature exceeds 25°, a doctor may discuss treatment options such as a brace or surgery.
Does treatment correct the spinal curvature?
The effectiveness of scoliosis treatment depends on the type provided. Some treatments can correct spinal curvature, while others simply reduce the risk of progression. For instance, physical therapy and stretching won’t correct the curve, but certain surgical procedures may help reduce its degree.
How long is recovery from scoliosis surgery?
The length of time it takes to recover from scoliosis surgery may vary based on the procedure and underlying health conditions. However, according to the Scoliosis Research Society5, most people can gradually return to normal activities and expect full recovery in about six months.
Are there risks with scoliosis surgery?
Similar to any type of surgical procedure, there are risks associated with scoliosis surgery. However, complications are minimal but may include infection, excessive bleeding, and possible nerve damage.
Summary
Scoliosis treatment can decrease pain and prevent the curvature from becoming worse. If you are considering scoliosis treatment or have questions about your treatment options, Advanced Spine and Pain are happy to help.
Schedule a consultation by contacting the pain experts at Advanced Spine and Pain today online or at 480-573-0130
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